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How is the patient positioned for an AP projection (modified Cleaves method) of the pelvis to demonstrate the femoral neck without foreshortening?


A) Abduct the femurs to a 45-degree angle with the IR.
B) Abduct the femurs until they are placed as close to the imaging table as possible.
C) Abduct the femurs to 20 to 30 degrees from vertical.
D) This cannot be accomplished in this projection.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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An AP hip projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1) lesser trochanter in profile. 2) greater trochanter in profile. 3) femoral neck without foreshortening. 4) sacrum rotated toward the affected hip.


A) 1 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1, 2, and 3 only
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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For an AP oblique sacroiliac joint projection (LPO position) , the 1) patient's midsagittal plane is placed at a 25- to 30-degree angle with the imaging table. 2) sacroiliac joint of interest is positioned farther from the IR. 3) right marker should be used. 4) central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) medial to the elevated ASIS.


A) 1 only
B) 2 and 4 only
C) 2, 3, and 4 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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An optimal axiolateral (inferosuperior) hip projection demonstrates all of the following except the


A) lesser trochanter in profile posteriorly.
B) femoral neck with partial foreshortening.
C) greater trochanter superimposed by the femoral shaft.
D) lesser and greater trochanters at approximately the same transverse level.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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An AP oblique sacroiliac joint projection (RPO position) with poor positioning demonstrates a closed sacroiliac joint, the superior and inferior sacral alae without superimposition, and the lateral sacral ala superimposed over the iliac tuberosity. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?


A) The pelvis was insufficiently rotated.
B) The pelvis was overrotated.
C) The central ray was not angled.
D) The central ray was centered too medially.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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An optimal AP pelvis projection (modified Cleaves method) should demonstrate all of the following except the


A) lesser trochanters in profile medially.
B) proximal aspects of the greater and lesser trochanters at approximately the same transverse level.
C) inferior sacrum at the center of the exposure field.
D) ischial spines aligned with the pelvic brim.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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An AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) obtained with the knee and hip flexed more than 60 to 70 degrees with the imaging table demonstrates 1) an obscured lesser trochanter. 2) the greater trochanter laterally. 3) the greater trochanter superimposed over the femoral head. 4) the greater trochanter medially.


A) 1 and 4 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 only
D) 3 only

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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A

A less than optimal AP oblique sacroiliac joint projection demonstrating the ilium superimposing the inferior sacral ala and lateral sacrum will


A) also demonstrate the lateral sacral ala superimposing the iliac tuberosity.
B) demonstrate an open sacroiliac joint.
C) also demonstrate the superior and inferior sacral alae without iliac superimposition.
D) require decreased pelvic obliquity to obtain optimal positioning.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The central ray angulation used for AP axial sacroiliac joint projections


A) produces an image without sacroiliac joint foreshortening.
B) ranges from 25 to 30 degrees cephalically.
C) needs to be greater in male than in female patients.
D) needs to be decreased as the lumbosacral curvature increases.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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A less than optimal axiolateral (inferosuperior) hip projection demonstrating the greater trochanter at a transverse level proximal to the lesser trochanter


A) could result if the central ray were centered too proximally.
B) was obtained using too small of a central ray to femur angle.
C) will also demonstrate the femoral neck without foreshortening.
D) was obtained using a central ray to femur angle that was too large.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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An optimal AP pelvis projection demonstrates 1) the sacrum and coccyx aligned with the symphysis pubis. 2) the ischial spines aligned with the pelvic brim. 3) a narrow right iliac wing and a wider left iliac wing. 4) a symmetrically appearing obturator foramen.


A) 1 only
B) 1 and 4 only
C) 1, 2, and 4 only
D) 3 and 4 only

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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An AP axial sacral iliac joint projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1) median sacral crest and symphysis pubis in alignment. 2) sacroiliac joints without foreshortening. 3) symphysis pubis superimposed over the inferior sacral segments. 4) second sacral segment at the center of the image.


A) 1 and 2 only
B) 3 and 4 only
C) 1, 2, and 4
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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For an AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) , the 1) lesser trochanter is demonstrated in profile. 2) greater trochanter appears at a level halfway between the lesser trochanter and femoral head. 3) ischial spine is demonstrated with pelvic brim superimposition. 4) greater trochanter is demonstrated medially.


A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1, 2, and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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C

For an AP projection of the hip with accurate positioning, 1) the ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2) the patient's legs are externally rotated until the epicondyles are at a 45-degree angle with the imaging table. 3) gonadal shielding should not be used. 4) the central ray is centered 1.5 inches (4 cm) distal to the midpoint between the ASIS and symphysis pubis to center the hip joint in the field.


A) 1 and 4 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1, 3, and 4 only

D) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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A

For an AP left hip projection (modified Cleaves method) , the patient was positioned with the left ASIS placed closer to the imaging table than the right ASIS. On such a projection, the left hip demonstrates 1) a narrowed obturator foramen. 2) a widened iliac wing. 3) the iliac spine without pelvic brim superimposition. 4) the sacrum and coccyx without symphysis pubis alignment.


A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2, 3, and 4 only
C) 1, 3, and 4 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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When obtaining an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip on patients with ample lateral soft-tissue thickness, the


A) IR is positioned superior to the iliac crest.
B) central ray is centered inferior to the femoral head.
C) IR is positioned inferior to the iliac crest.
D) IR is positioned at the iliac crest.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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An AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) obtained with the leg abducted almost to the imaging table demonstrates the greater trochanter 1) at a transverse level halfway between the lesser trochanter and femoral head. 2) laterally. 3) superimposed by the femoral neck. 4) medially.


A) 1 and 2 only
B) 3 only
C) 3 and 4 only
D) 4 only

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements is not true about an AP pelvis projection obtained with the patient rotated toward the right hip?


A) The right ilium is wider than the left ilium.
B) The left obturator foramen will be narrower than the right foramen.
C) The sacrum and coccyx are visualized closer to the left hip than the right hip.
D) The right ischial spine will be demonstrated without pelvic brim superimposition.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is not true about AP hip projection (modified Cleaves method) ?


A) The femoral neck is superimposed over the lesser trochanter when the knee and hip are flexed to a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table.
B) The femoral neck demonstrates increased foreshortening with increased femur abduction.
C) With increased femoral abduction the greater trochanter moves more proximal.
D) The lesser trochanter is placed in profile medially when the knee and hip are flexed to a 60- to 70-degree angle with the imaging table.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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An AP projection of the sacroiliac joints taken with insufficient central ray angulation will


A) demonstrate the inferior sacrum without symphysis pubis superimposition.
B) demonstrate sacral elongation.
C) demonstrate the inferior sacrum with symphysis pubis superimposition.
D) occur if a 35-degree cephalic angle is used on a female patient.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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