Question 1

Match the following:
-A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells.This leads to severe metabolic disturbances.

Accepted Answer

A)  Addison's disease
B)  Dehydration
C)  Edema
D)  Aldosterone
E)  HyponatremiaF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 2

What is the effect of acidosis on the body? Of alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

When the body is in acute acidosis,the n...

Question 3

Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   anabolism of lipids
B)   secretory activity
C)   neuromuscular activity
D)   membrane permeabilityE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Match the following:
-Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  Addison's disease
B)  Dehydration
C)  Edema
D)  Aldosterone
E)  HyponatremiaF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts.
B)   Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts.
C)   Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body.
D)   Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

A patient's anxiety caused her to develop respiratory alkalosis.The nurse instructs the patient to take some slow deep breaths.Explain why this would be effective.

Accepted Answer

Instructing the patient to bre...

Question 9

Identify and describe the operation of the three major chemical buffers of the body.

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system (carbonic ...

Question 10

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid,most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium
B)   chloride
C)   bicarbonate
D)   ironE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased extracellular fluid water levels
B)   sympathetic stimulation
C)   decreased stretch of the granular cells of the afferent arterioles
D)   decreased filtrate NaCl concentrationE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids
B)   Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids
C)   equal amounts of each ion in the cells and body fluids
D)   K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluidsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Some potassium ions are reabsorbed from the kidney filtrate via type A intercalated cells,a unique population of collecting duct cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A pregnant woman complains to her doctor that her ankles and feet stay swollen all of the time.She is very worried about this.As her doctor,what would you tell her?

Accepted Answer

She is showing edema,an atypical accumul...

Question 15

Match the following:
-The main fluid compartment located within the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonelectrolytes
B)  Electrolytes
C)  Intracellular
D)  Interstitial
E)  ExtracellularF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 16

Blood acidity results in depression of the CNS,whereas blood alkalosis results in overexcitement of the CNS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   amphoteric
B)   metabolic
C)   compensatory
D)   volatileE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO3- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Accepted Answer

The pH and bicarbonate levels ...

Question 19

The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.

Accepted Answer

A)   hemoglobin
B)   protein
C)   phosphate
D)   bicarbonateE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Match the following:
-Possibly occurring with emphysema,extreme obesity,or narcotic overdose.

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic alkalosis
B)  Respiratory acidosis
C)  Metabolic acidosis
D)  Respiratory alkalosisE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 26: Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO3- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe pH and bicarbonate levels ...View AnswerShow Answer

A patient's anxiety caused her to develop respiratory alkalosis.The nurse instructs the patient to take some slow deep breaths.Explain why this would be effective.

Correct AnswerverifiedInstructing the patient to bre...View AnswerShow Answer

The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the effect of acidosis on the body? Of alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen the body is in acute acidosis,the n...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pregnant woman complains to her doctor that her ankles and feet stay swollen all of the time.She is very worried about this.As her doctor,what would you tell her?

Correct AnswerverifiedShe is showing edema,an atypical accumul...View AnswerShow Answer

Match the following: -The main fluid compartment located within the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following: -Possibly occurring with emphysema,extreme obesity,or narcotic overdose.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid,most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following: -A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells.This leads to severe metabolic disturbances.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some potassium ions are reabsorbed from the kidney filtrate via type A intercalated cells,a unique population of collecting duct cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood acidity results in depression of the CNS,whereas blood alkalosis results in overexcitement of the CNS.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following: -Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and describe the operation of the three major chemical buffers of the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe bicarbonate buffer system (carbonic ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse.His blood pH is 6.8,and his HCO₃^- is 20 mEq/L.What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Correct Answer
verified
The pH and bicarbonate levels ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Instructing the patient to bre...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
When the body is in acute acidosis,the n...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
She is showing edema,an atypical accumul...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The bicarbonate buffer system (carbonic ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified